Routing, Modulation Level, Spectrum and Multiwavelength Transponder Assignment in IP-over-EON – Integer Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm Approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.4.8Keywords:
IP-over-EON, RMLSTA, Integer Linear Programming, Genetic AlgorithmsAbstract
Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) represent a high-spectral-efficiency paradigm for accommodating heterogeneous traffic demands. However, EONs impose stringent physicallayer operational constraints, including spectrum non-overlapping, contiguity, and continuity, collectively designated as the Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) problem. The integration of adaptive modulation schemes enhances spectral utilization by dynamically allocating resources according to transmission distance and demand characteristics, thereby extending the problem formulation to Routing, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment (RMSA).
In IP-over-EON architectures, the aggregation and grooming of low-bandwidth IP traffic flows are critical for optimal utilization of optical channel capacity. The deployment
of Multi-wavelength Sliceable Bandwidth Variable Transponders (MW-SBVTs), which enable simultaneous multi-carrier transmission within bounded spectral tuning windows,
introduces additional complexity. This necessitates explicit joint transponder allocation, giving rise to the Routing, Modulation Level, Spectrum, and Multi-wavelength Transponder Assignment (RMLSTA) problem.
This work addresses the static RMLSTA problem in IP-over-EON architectures through two complementary methodologies: a sequential multi-phase Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and an efficient Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (GA). Given an IP traffic demand matrix and physical network topology, both approaches optimize the resource allocation following a lexicographic multi-objective optimization framework: minimizing the maximum utilized spectrum index, the total number of allocated frequency slots, and the number of active transponders.
The proposed multi-phase ILP formulation decomposes the intractable joint problem into four consecutive optimization stages, solving each subproblem to exact stage-wise mathematical optimality. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that the multi-phase ILP achieves superior spectral and transponder utilization at the expense of computational scalability under high traffic loads. Conversely, the proposed GA metaheuristic achieves a favorable and robust trade-off between solution quality and computational efficiency, generating highly competitive resource assignments within predictable execution times.
References
Servicio de Estudios BBV. “Telecomunicaciones” Publicaci´on de Situaci´on. Tech. rep. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, 1995.
W. Stallings. Comunicaciones y Redes de Computadores. 7th ed. Prentice Hall, 2004.
Vasileios Gkamas et al. “Energy-minimized design of IP over flexible optical networks”. In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7.12 (2015), pp. 1155–1168.
M. Jinno et al. “Distance-adaptive Spectrum Resource Allocation in Spectrum-sliced Elastic Optical Path Network”. In: IEEE Communications Magazine 48.8 (2010), pp. 138–145.
Bijoy Chand Chatterjee, Nityananda Sarma, and Eiji Oki. “Routing and Spectrum Allocation in Elastic Optical Networks: A Tutorial”. In: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 17.3 (2015), pp. 1776–1800.
M. Dallaglio et al. “Routing, Spectrum, and Transponder Assignment (RSTA) in Elastic Optical Networks”. In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7.8 (2015), pp. 740–749.
P. Papanikolaou, K. Christodoulopoulos, and E. Varvarigos. “Multilayer flex-grid network planning”. In: International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM). 2015, pp. 83–88.
Y. Zhang et al. “Traffic Grooming in Spectrum-Elastic Optical Path Networks”. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC). OSA, 2011, OTuI1.
M. Jinno et al. “Spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path network: architecture, benefits, and enabling technologies”. In: IEEE Communications Magazine 47.11 (2009), pp. 66–73.
Pramit Biswas and Aneek Adhya. “Energy-efficient network planning and traffic provisioning in IPover-elastic optical networks”. In: Optical Switching and Networking 33 (2019), pp. 101–112.
L. Gong et al. “A two-population based evolutionary approach for optimizing routing, modulation and spectrum assignments (RMSA) in O-OFDM networks”. In: IEEE Communications Letters 16.9
(2012), pp. 1520–1523.
M. Klinkowski. “An evolutionary algorithm approach for dedicated path protection problem in elastic optical networks”. In: Cybernetics and Systems 44.6-7 (2013), pp. 589–605.
K. Christodoulopoulos, I. Tomkos, and E.A. Varvarigos. “Elastic Bandwidth Allocation in Flexible OFDM-Based Optical Networks”. In: Journal of Lightwave Technology 29.9 (2011).
Anliang Cai et al. “Elastic Versus WDM Networks With Dedicated Multicast Protection”. In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9.11 (2017), pp. 964–975.
ITU-T. Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid. Recommendation ITU-T G.694.1. May 2002.
Luis Delvalle, Ester Alfonzo, and Diego P. Pinto-Roa. “EONS: An online RSA simulator for elastic optical networks”. In: Computer Science Society (SCCC), 2016 35th International Conference of the
Chilean. IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–12.
O. Gerstel et al. “Elastic Optical Networking: A New Dawn for the Optical Layer?” In: IEEE Communications Magazine 50.2 (2012), s12–s20.
Bingbing L. and Young-Chon K. “Efficient Routing and Spectrum Allocation Considering QoT in Elastic Optical Network”. In: International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics,
Signals and Systems 5.1 (2016).
Andrew S. Tanenbaum and David J. Wetherall. Computer Networks. 5th. Pearson Education, Inc.,
G. Zhang et al. “A Survey on OFDM-Based Elastic Core Optical Networking”. In: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 15.1 (2013), pp. 65–87.
M. Jinno et al. “Multiflow Optical Transponder for Efficient Multilayer Optical Networking”. In: IEEE Communications Magazine 50.5 (2012), pp. 56–65.
Nicola Sambo et al. “Sliceable transponder architecture including multiwavelength source”. In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 6.7 (2014), pp. 590–600.
I. R´?os et al. “A Serial Optimization and Link-oriented Based Routing Approach for RMLSA in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparison Among ILP Based Solution Approaches”. In: LANC ’18: Proceedings
of the 10th Latin America Networking Conference. Oct. 2018.
[24] F. Idzikowski et al. “Saving energy in IP-over-WDM networks by switching off line cards in low-demand scenarios”. In: 2010 14th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM). IEEE, 2010, pp. 1–6.
Takafumi Tanaka et al. “Multiperiod IP-Over-Elastic Network Reconfiguration with Adaptive Bandwidth Resizing and Modulation”. In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 8.7 (2016), pp. 493–504.
Edyta Biernacka et al. “Elastic optical bypasses for traffic burst”. In: Optical Switching and Networking 31 (2019), pp. 111–122.
Jijun Zhao et al. “A Cross-layer Traffic Grooming Algorithm in Joint Optimization of the IP over Elastic Optical Network”. In: Photonic Network Communications 34.1 (2017), pp. 116–126.
Shuqian Zhang, Charles Martel, and Biswanath Mukherjee. “Dynamic Traffic Grooming in Elastic Optical Networks”. In: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31.1 (2013), pp. 4–12.
Yongli Zhao et al. “An auxiliary graph based dynamic traffic grooming algorithm in spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks with multi-core fibers”. In: Optical Fiber Technology 39 (2017), pp. 68–76.
J. Zhang et al. “Energy-efficient Traffic Grooming in Sliceable-Transponder-Equipped IP-over-Elastic Optical Networks”. In: Journal of Lightwave Technology 33.1 (2015), pp. 173–184.
Takafumi Tanaka and Akira Hirano. “An in-operation IP-over-optical network planning method that supports unpredictable IP traffic transitions”. In: ECOC 2014. Cannes, France, 2014.
Jhon James Granada Torres, Ana Mar´?a C´ardenas Soto, and Neil Guerrero Gonz´alez. “Redes ´opticas el´asticas: un nuevo paradigma en las futuras redes de telecomunicaciones”. In: Respuestas 20.2 (2015), pp. 6–22.
Vasileios Gkamas, Konstantinos Christodoulopoulos, and Emmanouel Varvarigos. “A joint multi-layer planning algorithm for IP over flexible optical networks”. In: Computer Networks 88 (2015), pp. 153–166.
Ram´on Gardu˜no Ju´arez. Algoritmos gen´eticos. Conogasi, Conocimiento para la vida. 21 de Septiembre. Instituto de Ciencias F´?sicas, UNAM, 2018.
Bel´en Meli´an, Jos´e A. Moreno P´erez, and J. Marcos Moreno Vega. “Metaheur´?sticas: una visi´on global”. In: Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial 19 (2003), pp. 7–28.
C. Fonseca and P. Fleming. “Genetic Algorithms for Multiobjective Optimization: Formulation, Discussion and Generalization”. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. San Mateo, California: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1993, pp. 416–423.
Mard´e Helbig, Tobias Wagner, and Frank Neumann. “A Survey on Selection Methods for MultiObjective Evolutionary Algorithms”. In: IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 24.6 (2020), pp. 1013–1028.
Prashant K. Gupta and Pranab K. Muhuri. “Multi-objective linguistic optimization: Extensions and new directions using 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model”. In: Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE),
IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–6.
SNDlib: The data source for all people working on optimization of telecommunications networks. http://sndlib.zib.de/home.action. Zuse-Institute Berlin (ZIB). 2006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Santiago M. Ortiz, Miguel León, José Colbes, Luis G. Moré, Diego Pinto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CLEIej is supported by its home institution, CLEI, and by the contribution of the Latin American and international researchers community, and it does not apply any author charges whatsoever for submitting and publishing. Since its creation in 1998, all contents are made publicly accesibly. The current license being applied is a (CC)-BY license (effective October 2015; between 2011 and 2015 a (CC)-BY-NC license was used).
